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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *snellaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_snellaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_snedh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*snedʰ-</orth>
          <def>to cut</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_snellaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snellaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>snellaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsnel.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚾᛖᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>active, bold, quick</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *snedʰlos, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_snedh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_snedh">*snedʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to cut’), a root probably also attested in *snadō (‘cut, wound’). If so, the meaning might have developed from "cutting" &gt; "eager to cut" &gt; "eager, active, quick, brave (in battle)". For the assimilation of -dl- to -ll-, see also *stallaz, *knullaz, *trullōną. However, this theory is doubted by linguists, including Magnusson, who seems to favor an onomatopoeic origin.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>snellaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>snellaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>snellaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>snelliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>snelliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>snellammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>snellōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>snellammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snel, snell</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>snel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>snel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>snel, snell</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>snell</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>snell</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>snell</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>snel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snël</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>schnej, schnö, schnöll</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שנעל (shnel)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snël</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alsatian</lang>
                          <orth>schnëll</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snël</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schnell</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Russian</lang>
                          <orth>шнель (šnelʹ), шнеле (šnele), шнеля (šnelja)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>snell, snel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>snell, snel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>snell</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*snellus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>snello</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Occitan</lang>
                      <orth>isnel, irnel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snell</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*snellus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>esnel, isnel, inel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>isnel, ignel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snjallr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>snjallur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>snäldar, snällar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>snjallur, snjall</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>snill</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snjallr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>snialdær, sniældær, snildær, sniæll</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>snild</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snjallr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sniælder, snælder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>snäll</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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