<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sneufaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sneufaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sneufana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sneufaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sneufaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsneu̯.ɸɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚾᛖᚢᚠᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sniff, to snort</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain, possibly related to *snūtaz (‘snout’) and *snūtijaną (‘to blow one's nose’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sneufō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sneufaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sneufai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sniufizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sneufaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sneuf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sneufazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sneufaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sniufidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sneufai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sneufadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sneufadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sneufaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sneufōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sneufaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sneufadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sneufaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sneufadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sneufamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sneufaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sneufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sneufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sniufid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sneufaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sniufid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sneufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sneufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sneufandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sneufain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sneufandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sneufandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sneufaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snauf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snubį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snauft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snubīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snauf</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snubī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>snubū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>snubīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>snubudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>snubīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snubum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snubīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snubud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snubīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snubun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snubīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sneufandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>snubanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sneufaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sneufan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>snoeve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sneufan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>snuiven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>snuiwe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sneufan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*snūfan, *snūban, *sniofan, *snioban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snūven, snūben, *snieven, *snieben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schnaufen, schnauben, schniefen, schnieben</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sneufan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>snūven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>snuven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snūfan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>snoeve</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snūfan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snuven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>snuiven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>snuiwe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snūfan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*snūfan, *snūban, *sniofan, *snioban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snūven, snūben, *snieven, *snieben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schnaufen, schnauben, schniefen, schnieben</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snūfan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*snūvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>snūven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>snuven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
