<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *snīkaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_snīkaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sneyg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sneyg-</orth>
          <def>to crawl</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_snigt" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>snīgt</orth>
          <def>to hand, pass, reach</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_snikana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snīkaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>snīkaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsniː.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚾᛁᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to crawl</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to creep</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sneyg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sneyg">*sneyg-</ref></mentioned> (‘to crawl’), and cognate with Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_snigt"><ref target="#cog_lav_snigt">snīgt</ref></mentioned> (‘to hand, pass, reach’). See also the semantically and phonetically similar *sneganą (‘to crawl, creep’), though a formal relation is difficult.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīkaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīkizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīkaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīkazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīkaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīkidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīkadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīkadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīkaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>snīkōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>snīkaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīkaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīkaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīkaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīkandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīkain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīkandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snaik</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snikį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snaiht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snikīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snaik</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snikī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>snikū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>snikīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>snikudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>snikīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snikum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snikīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snikud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snikīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snikun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snikīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>snīkandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>snikanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>snīkaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>snīcan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sniken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sneak, snitch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sneke, sneak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>snikja, snika</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>snika</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>*snikæ, *snigæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>snige</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>snike</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>*snikæ, *snigæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sniȝen, snyȝen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sny</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*snīkijaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sníkja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>snikja, snika</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>snika</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*snīkijaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>*snikæ, *snigæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>snige</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>snike</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*snīkijaną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>*snikæ, *snigæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sniȝen, snyȝen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sny</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
