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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *snīwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_snīwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sneygwh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sneygʷʰ-</orth>
          <def>to snow</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sniwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/snīwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>snīwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsniː.wɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚾᛁᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to snow</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sneygwh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sneygwh">*sneygʷʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to snow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snīwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snīwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snīwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>snīwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>snīwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>snīwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>snīwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>snīwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>snīwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>snaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sniwį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>snaiwt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sniwīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>snaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sniwī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sniwū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sniwīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sniwudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sniwīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sniwum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sniwīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sniwud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sniwīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sniwun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sniwīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>snīwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sniwanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>snīwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>snuwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>snuwen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>snieë, snieëje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>snīwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>snewen, sneuwen, snew, snewe, sniwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>snew</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*snīa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>snije</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>snīwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>snīen, snīwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>schneibn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                        <orth>snaiban, snaim</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schneien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>schneien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שנייען (shneyen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*snīwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>snîen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>snien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>schnieen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snjóva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>snjógva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>snjóa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>snya, snjóge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>snø</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>snø, snøa, snjova</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>snö</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snæva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>snjógva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>snjóa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>snya, snjóge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>snø</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>snø, snøa, snjova</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>snö</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>snjáva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>snjógva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>snjóa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>snya, snjóge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>snø</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>snø, snøa, snjova</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>snö</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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