<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spanjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spanjaną_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spanjana_2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spanjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spanjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspɑn.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚨᚾᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to wean</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *spanō (‘nipple’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spanjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spanjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spanjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spani</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spaniþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spanjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spanjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spanjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spanjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spanjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spaniþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spanjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spaniþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spanjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spanjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spanidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spanidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spanidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spanidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>spanidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>spanidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>spanidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>spanidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spanidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spanjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>spanidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spanjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*spenen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>espanir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>espanir, aspanir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Picard</lang>
                        <orth>épanir, épénir</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Walloon</lang>
                        <orth>spani</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>spänen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*abespennen, abespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>bispennen, intspennen, inspennen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*bespennen, bespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spannjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spennian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spannen, spenen, spēnen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*spenen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>espanir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>espanir, aspanir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Picard</lang>
                        <orth>épanir, épénir</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Walloon</lang>
                        <orth>spani</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>spänen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*abespennen, abespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>bispennen, intspennen, inspennen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*bespennen, bespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spinnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spennian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spannen, spenen, spēnen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>*spenen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>spean</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>espanir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>espanir, aspanir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Picard</lang>
                        <orth>épanir, épénir</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Walloon</lang>
                        <orth>spani</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*spennen, spenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>spänen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*abespennen, abespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spennen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>bispennen, intspennen, inspennen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>*bespennen, bespenen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spunnjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spennian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spennen, spannen, spenen, spēnen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
