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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spannaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spannaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_spodu" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>спѫдъ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>spǫdŭ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>corn-measure, measure, peck</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_spend" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*spend-</orth>
          <def>to stretch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_spanda" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>spanda</orth>
          <def>strap</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_spesti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>spę́sti</orth>
          <def>to snare</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spannana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spannaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spannaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚨᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7c</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stretch, span</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Originally a strong verb of the seventh class, the long -n- comes from an earlier form *spanwaną-. Perhaps ultimately an ablautive form from the same source as *spinnaną (‘to spin’), though Kroonen alternatively derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_spend"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_spend">*spend-</ref></mentioned> (‘to stretch’), comparing Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_spesti"><ref target="#cog_lit_spesti">spę́sti</ref></mentioned> (‘to snare’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_spanda"><ref target="#cog_lav_spanda">spanda</ref></mentioned> (‘strap’), Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_spodu"><ref target="#cog_chu_spodu">спѫдъ</ref></mentioned> (spǫdŭ, ‘corn-measure, measure, peck’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spannō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spannaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spannai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spannizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spannaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spann</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spannazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spannaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spannidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spannai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spannadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spannadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spannaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spannōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spannaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spannadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spannaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spannadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spannamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spannaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spannid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spannaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spannid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spannandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spannain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spannandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spannandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spannaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spespann</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spespannį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spespannt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spespannīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spespann</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spespannī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>spespannū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>spespannīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>spespannudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>spespannīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spespannum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spespannīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spespannud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spespannīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spespannun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spespannīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spannandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>spannanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spannaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>spannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>spannen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>span</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>span</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>spanna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sponne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>spanne</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>sponna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sponne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>spanne</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>spannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>spannen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spannen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*spannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>spannen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spannen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>span</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>spannan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>spannen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>spannen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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