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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spraidijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spraidijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_speiro" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>σπείρω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>speírō</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spraidijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spraidijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spraidijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsprɑi̯.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚱᚨᛁᛞᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to spread</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to distribute</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *sprīþaną (‘to break up’) + *-janą. Cognate with Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_speiro"><ref target="#cog_grc_speiro">σπείρω</ref></mentioned> (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, ‘to deposit’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraidīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraidī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraidīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraidijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spraidijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spraidijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spraidijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spraidijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spraidijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraidīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraidīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraidijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraididǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraididēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraididēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraididēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraididē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraididēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>spraididēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>spraididēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>spraididēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>spraididēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spraididēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spraidijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>spraididaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spraidijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Irish</lang>
                    <orth>spréigh</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sprida</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spreiden, *sprēden</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spreiden, sprêden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spreiden</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>sprei</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sprǣdan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spreden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>spread</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>spreid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*sprēda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spriedjen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spreede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spriede</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spreiten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spreiten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>spräite</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>spreiten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spraidijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*sprēdian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sprêden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>spreden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>spre, spreia</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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