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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sprangijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sprangijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sprangijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sprangijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sprangijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsprɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚱᚨᚾᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cause to spring</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to cause to burst, to blow up</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *springaną (‘to jump’) + *-janą (‘causative suffix’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprangijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprangijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprangijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprangijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprangijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprangidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprangidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprangidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprangidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprangidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprangidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sprangijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sprangidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sprangijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sprangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sprengen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sprangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sprenġan, sprenġċan, sprænġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sprengen, sprenge, springe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>springe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sprangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sprenga, sprendza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spränge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sprangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sprengen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>sprengge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sprangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*sprengian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sprengen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sprengja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>spreingja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sprengja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sprengja, sprenga</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sprengja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sprænge</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>sprenge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sprengja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sprængia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>spränga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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