<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spreutaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spreutaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_speiro" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>σπείρω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>speírō</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sper_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sper-</orth>
          <def>to strew</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_sprausti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>sprausti</orth>
          <def>to thrust</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spreutana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spreutaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spreutaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚱᛖᚢᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sprout</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to spring, come out</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *sprewd-, but also possibly back-formed from the iterative, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sper_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sper_x2">*sper-</ref></mentioned> (‘to strew’), extended form *sprewd-. Related to Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_sprausti"><ref target="#cog_lit_sprausti">sprausti</ref></mentioned> (‘to thrust’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_speiro"><ref target="#cog_grc_speiro">σπείρω</ref></mentioned> (speírō, ‘I sow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spreutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spreutaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spreutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spriutizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spreutaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spreut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spreutazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spreutaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spriutidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spreutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spreutadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spreutadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spreutaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spreutōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spreutaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spreutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spreutaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spreutadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spreutamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spreutaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spriutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spreutaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spriutid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spreutandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spreutain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spreutandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spreutandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spreutaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sprutį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spraust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sprutīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spraut</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sprutī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprutū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sprutīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprutudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sprutīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprutum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sprutīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprutud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sprutīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprutun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sprutīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spreutandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sprutanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spreutaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sprūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spruten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spruiten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>spruit</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>sprùit, spreit, spruit</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*sprēotan, sprūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>āsprēotan, ġeondsprēot</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*sprēotan, sprūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spruten, sprouten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sprout</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sproot, spruit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sprūta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sprute, spruutje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sprûte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*spriozan, *sprūzan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spriezen, sprūzen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sprießen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>spréissen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*spriotan, *sprūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sprêten, sprûten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>spruten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spreutan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*spriotan, *sprūtan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>ūtsprūtan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>ûtsprûten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>utspruten</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*sprúta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sprauta, spretta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>sprute</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sprute, spruta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>spruta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
