<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spurjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spurjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spurjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spurjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspur.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚢᚱᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to feel, touch</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to study; to search; to examine</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to ask</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *spurą (‘track’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spuri</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spuriþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spuriþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spuriþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spuridǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spuridēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spuridēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spuridēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spuridē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spuridēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>spuridēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>spuridēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>spuridēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>spuridēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spuridēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spurjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>spuridaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spurjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spurjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>spera</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spurjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spurien, *spuren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spueren, spōren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>speuren</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>speur</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>speure, speurje</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spurjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>spyrian, spirian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spuren, spiren, speren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>speir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spurjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spurian, spurien, spurren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spüren, spürn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>gespüre</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>spüren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>spieren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שפּירן (shpirn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>spyrja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>spyrja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>spyrja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>spyrja, spørja, spurja, spær, spår</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>spyrja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>spyriæ, spørghe, spøriæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>spørge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>spørre</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>spyrja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>spyria</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>spörja</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
