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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spurnaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spurnaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_sperh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*sperH-</orth>
          <def>spear; a kind of tree</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spurnana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spurnaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spurnaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspur.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᚢᚱᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to kick, to trample</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sperh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_sperh">*sperH-</ref></mentioned> (‘to kick’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurnaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurnizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurnaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurnazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurnaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurnaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurnaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sparn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>spurnį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sparnt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>spurnīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sparn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>spurnī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurnū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>spurnīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurnudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>spurnīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>spurnīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>spurnīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>spurnīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>spurnandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>spurnanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>spurnaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>spurnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>spurnen, sporne, spornen, spournen, spurn, spurne, spyrnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>spurn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>spurn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>spornan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>spurnen, sporne, spornen, spournen, spurn, spurne, spyrnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>spurn</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>spurn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>spurna</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>spurnan</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>spurnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>German</lang>
                    <orth>anspornen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sporna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sporna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sporna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>spiærna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>spjärna</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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