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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *spīrǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_spīrǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_spey_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*spey-</orth>
          <def>long, thin, sharp</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_spiro" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spīrǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>spīrǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈspiː.rɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛈᛁᚱᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>peak; summit; top</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pole; rod; reed; stalk</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_spey_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_spey_x2">*spey-</ref></mentioned> (‘peak; summit; sharp point; stick’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>spīrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>spīrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>spīrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>spīrōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>spīrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>spīrōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>spīrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>spīrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>spīrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>spīrōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>spīrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>spīrōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spir, spyre, spier, spire</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>spire</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>spyre, spire</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Spier, Spíer</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spīr, spīrboum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spīre, spir, spirboum, spier, grasspier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Speier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīrā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spîr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spir, spyre, spier, spire</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>spire</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>spyre, spire</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Spier, Spíer</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spīr, spīrboum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spīre, spir, spirboum, spier, grasspier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Speier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīri</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spîr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spir, spyre, spier, spire</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>spire</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>spyre, spire</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Spier, Spíer</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spīr, spīrboum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spīre, spir, spirboum, spier, grasspier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Speier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīru</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spîr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>spir, spyre, spier, spire</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>spire</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>spyre, spire</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Spier, Spíer</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>spier</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>spīr, spīrboum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>spīre, spir, spirboum, spier, grasspier</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Speier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*spīr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>spīr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>spîr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Spier</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>spíra</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>spir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>spíra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>spíra</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>spire, spir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>spira</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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