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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stainagaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stainagaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stainagaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainagaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stainagaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstɑi̯.nɑ.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>stony, rocky</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *stainaz + *-gaz.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainaganǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainaganz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainaganō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>stainagaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainaginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainaganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainaginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>stainagammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>stainagōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>stainagammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*steinag, *steinig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stēnig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stenig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stāniġ, stǣniġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>stani, stoni, stony</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stony</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stany</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stēnich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>steenich, stenich</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stienich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>steinag, steinīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>steinec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>steinig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>stengeg</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainag</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*stēnag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stênich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>stenig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*steinag, *steinig</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stēnig</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stenig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stāniġ, stǣniġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>stani, stoni, stony</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stony</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stany</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stēnich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>steenich, stenich</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stienich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>steinag, steinīg</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>steinec</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>steinig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>stengeg</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stainīg</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*stēnag</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stênich</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>stenig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (stainahs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
