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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stamnijō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stamnijō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_stoma" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>στόμα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>stóma</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_stemn" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*stemn-</orth>
          <def>mouth, muzzle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stamnijo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stamnijō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stamnijō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstɑm.ni.jɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚨᛗᚾᛁᛃᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>voice</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>sound</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *stom(m)n-o-s, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stemn"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stemn">*stemn-</ref></mentioned> (‘mouth, muzzle’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_stoma"><ref target="#cog_grc_stoma">στόμα</ref></mentioned> (stóma, ‘mouth, muzzle’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>stamnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>stamnijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>stamnijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>stamnijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>stamnijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>stamnijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>stamnijōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>stamnijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>stamnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>stamnijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>stamnijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>stamnijôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>stemn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>stemne, stempne</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>stempne</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>stemme</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stemm</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stim</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>stemna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>stemne, stempne, stemme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>stemme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Stemme, Stimme, Stemm, Stimm</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>stemna</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>stemme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                      <orth>Stemm</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>stämma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*stemma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stemme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                        <orth>stem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>stemma</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>stemna</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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