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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stangō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stangō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stango" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stangō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stangō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstɑŋ.ɡɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚨᚾᚷᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bar; rod; stake</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A nominal derivative from *stinganą (‘to stick out, sting’), with quasi-Indo-European form *stongʰ-eh₂.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>stangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>stangôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>stangǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>stangōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>stangōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>stangǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>stangōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>stangōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>stangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>stangōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>stangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>stangôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stanghe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stang, steng</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>sêtang</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>stenga</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stenġ, stænġ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>steng</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*stange, *stonge</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Stange</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stange</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>stanga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Stange</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Staang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>stanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Stange, Stang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Estonian</lang>
                    <orth>tang</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>stong</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>stöng</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>stang</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>stang, stange, stong</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stang, stong</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stang, stong</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>stang</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>stang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                      <orth>стѧгъ (stęgŭ)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Ruthenian</lang>
                        <orth>стѧгъ (stjah)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                          <orth>сцяг (scjah)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                          <orth>стяг (stjah)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                      <orth>стѧгъ (stęgŭ)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Russian</lang>
                        <orth>стяг (stjag)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Bulgarian</lang>
                          <orth>стяг (stjag)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>stǫng</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>stang</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>stång</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*stāŋkō</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*tanko</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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