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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stebnō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stebnō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_stoma" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>στόμα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>stóma</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_stemn" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*stemn-</orth>
          <def>mouth, muzzle</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stebno" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stebnō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stebnō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsteβ.nɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᛖᛒᚾᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>voice</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>sound</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *stemm-n-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stemn"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stemn">*stemn-</ref></mentioned> (‘mouth, muzzle’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_stoma"><ref target="#cog_grc_stoma">στόμα</ref></mentioned> (stóma, ‘mouth, muzzle’); see there for more cognates.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>stebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>stebnôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>stebnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>stebnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>stebnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>stebnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>stebnōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>stebnōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>stebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>stebnōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>stebnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>stebnôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stebnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stemma, stimma, stimna, *stefna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stemme, stimme, stevene, steffene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stem</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>stöm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stebnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stefn, stemn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>steven, stemne, stempne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>steven, stevvon, stempne</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stevin, stewyn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stebnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stifne, stemme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Stämme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stebnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stimna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stimme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Stimme</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Stëmm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stebnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*stefna, stemna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stēvene, stempne, stemne, stimne, stemme, stimme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Stemme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Stemm, Stimm</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stemnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stemma, stimma, stimna, *stefna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stemme, stimme, stevene, steffene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stem</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>stöm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stemnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stefn, stemn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>steven, stemne, stempne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>steven, stevvon, stempne</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stevin, stewyn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stemnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stifne, stemme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Stämme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stemnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stimna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stimme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Stimme</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Stëmm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stemnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*stefna, stemna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stēvene, stempne, stemne, stimne, stemme, stimme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Stemme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Stemm, Stimm</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>stefna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>stevna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>stefna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>stevne</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>stemne</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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