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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stikaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stikaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_teyg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)teyg-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stikana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stikaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stikaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsti.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᛁᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stick</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to stab</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_teyg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_teyg">*(s)teyg-</ref></mentioned> (‘to be sharp, to stab, to goad, to puncture’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stikō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stikaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stikai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stikizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stikaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stik</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stikazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stikaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stikōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stikaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stikadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stikaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stikadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>staik</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stikį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>staiht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stikīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>staik</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stikī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>stikū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>stikīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>stikudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>stikīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stikīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stikīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stikīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>stikandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>stikanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>stikaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stecan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>steken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>steken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>steek</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>steka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stekke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stëhhan, stëchan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stëchen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>stechen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>stiechen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שטעכן (shtekhn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stekan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>stekan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stēken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>steken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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