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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stinkwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stinkwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_stengw" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*stengʷ-</orth>
          <def>to push, thrust</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_stinguo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>stinguō</orth>
          <def>to extinguish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stinkwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stinkwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stinkwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstiŋ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᛁᚾᚲᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to hit; thrust; clash</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to emit a smell; stink</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stengw"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stengw">*stengʷ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to push, thrust’), *stegʷ- (‘to thrust, strike’). Related to Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_stinguo"><ref target="#cog_lat_stinguo">stinguō</ref></mentioned> (‘to extinguish’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stinkw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stinkwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stinkwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stinkwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stinkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stinkwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stinkwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stinkwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stankw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stunkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stunkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stankw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stunkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>stunkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>stunkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>stunkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>stunkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stunkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stunkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stunkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stunkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stunkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stunkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>stinkwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>stunkanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>stinkwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>stinke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>stink</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>stink</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>stincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>tingi</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                            <orth>tíngi</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>stincan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>stynken, stynkkyn, stenke, styngke, stynke, stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stink</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>stink</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*stiunka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stjunke</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stjonke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stinkan, stinchan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>stinken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שטינקען (shtinken)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>stinkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stinken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>stinke</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>stinken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>stinke</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>stinka</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>støkkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>støkka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>stökkva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>stokka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>stynkæ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>stiunka, stinkva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>stynka</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>støkka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>stökkva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>stokka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>stynkæ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>stiunka, stinkva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*stinkva</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>støkka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>stökkva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>stokka</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>stynkæ</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>stiunka, stinkva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (stigqan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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