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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *strangijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_strangijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_strangijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strangijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>strangijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstrɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚱᚨᚾᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to fasten with a string, bind tight</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *strangiz (‘string’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strangijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strangijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strangijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>strangijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>strangijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strangijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strangijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strangijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strangidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strangidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strangidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strangidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>strangidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>strangidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>strangidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>strangidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strangidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>strangijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>strangidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>strangijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*strengen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>strengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>strengen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>strengan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>strengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>string</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>strenza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stringe, stringje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>strengen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>strengen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>strängen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strangijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*strengian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>strengen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>strengja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>strengja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>strængia</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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