<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *strībaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_strībaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_streybh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*streybʰ-</orth>
          <def>to be stiff</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stribana_x2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/strībaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>strībaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstriː.βɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚱᛁᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to be stiff; stiffen</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to exert; make an effort</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_streybh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_streybh">*streybʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to be stiff’), from *ster- (‘rigid; stiff’), for which see Proto-Germanic *staraz (‘stiff’) for more.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strībō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strībaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>strībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strībizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strībaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strīb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strībazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>strībaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strībidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strībai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strībadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strībadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>strībaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>strībōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>strībaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strībaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>strībadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strībamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strībaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>strībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strībaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strībid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>strībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strībandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strībain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strībandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strībandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>strībaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>straib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stribį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>straift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stribīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>straib</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stribī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>stribū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>stribīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>stribudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>stribīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stribum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stribīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stribud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stribīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stribun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stribīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>strībandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>stribanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>strībaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*strīvan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*striven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>strijven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>estriver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>French</lang>
                      <orth>étriver</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>estriver</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>striven, strive, striwen, strife, striffe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>strive</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>streu</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*strīban</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*strīban</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>strīben</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
