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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stukkiją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stukkiją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_tewg" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)tewg-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stukkija" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukkiją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stukkiją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstuk.ki.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᚢᚲᛁᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>stump</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>piece</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A ja-stem nominal derived either from *stikaną (‘to stick’) or its iterative *stukkōną (‘idem’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">An alternative theory, as follows, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_tewg"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_tewg">*(s)tewg-</ref></mentioned> (‘to shock, butt, impact’). The geminate -kk- is assumed based on *stukkaz (‘stick’) (whence Old English stocc, Old Norse stokkr).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>stukkiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>stukkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>stukkiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>stukkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>stukkijas, stukkīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>stukkijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>stukkijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>stukkijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>stukkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>stukkijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>stukkiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>stukkijō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stukki, *stikki, -stic</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stuc, sticke, stic</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>stik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stukki, *stikki, -stic</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stuc, sticke, stic</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stuk, stik</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>stuk</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stukki, *stikki, -stic</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stuc, sticke, stic</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>stic</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>stick, steck</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>stick, steck</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>styċċe, stiċċe, stiċ, styċġċe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>styca, stuckling</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>styċċe, stiċċe, stiċ, styċġċe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stitch meale, stitchmeal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>stekk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Stuk</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>stik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>stucco</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>stucco</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Stuck</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Spanish</lang>
                        <orth>estuco</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Italian</lang>
                      <orth>stucco</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>stuc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>stuc</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                          <orth>estuque</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Stuck, Stucke, Stucki, Stück, Stücke, Stücki</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Stuck, Stick</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Stück</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Stöck, Steck</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Stéck</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Upper Saxon German</lang>
                          <orth>Stigg, Stigge</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                        <orth>sztuka</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Silesian</lang>
                          <orth>sztuka</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                        <orth>sztuka</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>sztuka, śtuka</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Russian</lang>
                            <orth>шту́ка (štúka)</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stucke, stück, stuck</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>שטיק (shtik)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>shtick</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stukkī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>stukki</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stücke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Stück</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Stekj</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>stykki</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>stykke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>stykki</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>stykki</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>stykke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>stykke</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>stikke</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>stykki</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>stykke</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>stycke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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