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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *stōjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_stōjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_stoh2eyeti" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*stoh₂éyeti</orth>
          <def>to cause to stand</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_stojana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>stōjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈstɔː.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛏᛟᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stow</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to dam</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">(SS: see paper in PGmc folder: Go.-stojan-2014-Fs.-Oettinger.pdf)From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stoh2eyeti"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_stoh2eyeti">*stoh₂éyeti</ref></mentioned> (‘to cause to stand’) or from *stōō (‘a place, location, stowage’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stōjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stōjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stōjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stōjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>stōjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stōjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stōjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>stōjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stōidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>stōidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>stōidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>stōidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>stōidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>stōidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>stōidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>stōidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>stōidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>stōjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>stōidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>stōjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stōjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*stōwen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>stôwen, stouwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>stuwen, stouwen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stōjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>stouwen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>stouwen, stöuwen, stouen, stöuen, stoun</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>stauen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*stōjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*stōwian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>stôwen, stouwen, stö̂uwen, stawen, steuwen, stûwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>stauen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>stuva</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stōjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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