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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sumaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sumaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sumaz" type="determiner" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sumaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsu.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚢᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>determiner</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>some (one), a certain (one)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>some, certain</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₁-o-, from *sem- (‘one, whole’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc">
              <orth>sumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem">
              <orth>sumō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut">
              <orth>sumą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc">
              <orth>sumai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem">
              <orth>sumôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut">
              <orth>sumō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc">
              <orth>sumanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem">
              <orth>sumǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut">
              <orth>sumą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc">
              <orth>sumanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem">
              <orth>sumōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut">
              <orth>sumō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc">
              <orth>sumas, sumis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem">
              <orth>sumaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut">
              <orth>sumas, sumis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc">
              <orth>sumaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem">
              <orth>sumaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut">
              <orth>sumaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc">
              <orth>sumammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem">
              <orth>sumaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut">
              <orth>sumammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc">
              <orth>sumaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem">
              <orth>sumaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut">
              <orth>sumaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc">
              <orth>sumanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem">
              <orth>sumaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut">
              <orth>sumanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc">
              <orth>sumaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem">
              <orth>sumaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut">
              <orth>sumaimiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>sum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>som</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>som, saom</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>zóm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>som, somme, summe, zome</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>some</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sum, some</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>zim, zum</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>som, sam, säm</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sume, sum</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sum</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sum</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sum</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>som</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sum</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sumr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>summur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sumur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sum, som, sum’e, søm</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sumr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>somme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>somme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sumr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sumber</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>somme, somma, somt, sômmer, sômma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 (sums)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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