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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swaipijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swaipijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swaipijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaipijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swaipijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswɑi̯.pi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᚨᛁᛈᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sweep</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to cast</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *swaipaną + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swaipijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swaipijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swaipijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swaipijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swaipijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaipidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swaipidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swaipidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swaipidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swaipidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swaipidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swaipijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swaipidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swaipijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swaipijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*swǣpan, *swēpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>swēpen, sweepe, swepe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sweep</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sweep</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swaipijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sweifen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sweifen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schweifen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Nilandian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Ostrobothnian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>svøba, svepa, sveva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>swaipen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>swaip</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>swape, swaip</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>sveipe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>sveipe, sveipa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>svēpa, swǣpa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>svepa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sveipa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Older Danish</lang>
                    <orth>svebe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>svøbe, svippe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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