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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swarmijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swarmijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swarmijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarmijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swarmijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswɑr.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᚨᚱᛗᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to swarm</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *swarmaz (‘swarm’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swarmijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swarmijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swarmijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swarmijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swarmijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swarmidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swarmidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swarmidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swarmidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swarmidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swarmidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swarmijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swarmidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swarmijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swarmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*swermen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>swermen, swarmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zwermen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swarmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>swirman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>swarmen, swermen, swarmyn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>swarm</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>swairm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swarmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>swermen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>swermen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schwärmen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swarmijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*swermian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>swermen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*sverma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sværme</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sverma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>svärma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*sverma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>sverme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>sverme, sverma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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