<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swelganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swelganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_swel" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*swel-</orth>
          <def>to drink, swallow</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_swelk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*swelk-</orth>
          <def>to gulp</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swelgana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swelganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswel.ɣɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᛖᛚᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to gulp, gobble, swallow, devour</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to revel</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Of unknown origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swelk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swelk">*swelk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to gulp’), a k-extension of a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swel"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swel">*swel-</ref></mentioned> (‘to drink, swallow’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swelgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swelgaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swelgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swilgizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swelgaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swelg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swelgazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swelgaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swilgidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swelgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swelgadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swelgadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swelgaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swelgōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swelgaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swelgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swelgaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swelgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swelgamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swelgaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swelgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swelgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swilgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swelgaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swilgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swelgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swelgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swelgandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swelgain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swelgandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swelgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swelgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swalg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swulgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swalht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swulgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swalg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swulgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swulgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swulgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swulgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swulgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swulgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swulgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swulgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swulgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swulgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swulgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swelgandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swulganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swelganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <orth>(in combinations: farswelgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>swelgen, swölgen, swolgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>swögen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>swelgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zwelgen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>swelgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>swelgen, swelȝen, swelghen, swelwen, swolȝen, swolwen, swalwen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>swallow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>swellie, swelly, swallow</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>swelgan, swelhan, swelahan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>swëlgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schwelgen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*swelgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>swelgen, swölgen, swolgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>swögen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>swega</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>svølgja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>svälge, svölge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>svelgja, svelga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>svelgja, svølgje, svægje, svæl, svøl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>svælla</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>svælge, svælle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>svelge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>svælghia, svælgha, svælia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>svälja</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelgja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>swega</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>svølgja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>svälge, svölge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>svelgja, svelga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>svelgja, svølgje, svægje, svæl, svøl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelgja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>svælla</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelgja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>svælge, svælle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>svelge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svelgja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>svælghia, svælgha, svælia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>svälja</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
