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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swīnaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swīnaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dhgwhey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dʰgʷʰey-</orth>
          <def>to decline; to perish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swinana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīnaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swīnaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswiː.nɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to dwindle, to disappear</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhgwhey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dhgwhey">*dʰgʷʰey-</ref></mentioned> (‘to decline, perish’).</seg>
            <seg type="p">According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīnaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīnizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīnaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīnazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīnaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīnidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīnai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīnadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīnadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīnaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swīnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swīnaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīnaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīnadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīnamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīnaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīnaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīnid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīnandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīnain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīnandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīnandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīnaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swinį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaint</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swinīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swinī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swinū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swinīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swinudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swinīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swinum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swinīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swinud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swinīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swinun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swinīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swīnandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swinanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swīnaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*swīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>swînen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>swijnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>swīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>swīnen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>schwiine</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>schweinen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swīnan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*swīnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>swînen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svína</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>svína</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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