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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swīpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swīpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swipana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swīpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswiː.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᛁᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sweep</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to move quickly</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Closely related to the strong verb *swībaną. It seems to have adopted the -p- from the iterative verb *swippōną. Ultimately from *ksweybʰ- (‘to move swiftly, swing, whip’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swīpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swīpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swīpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swīpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swaip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swipį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swaift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swipīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swaip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swipī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swipū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swipīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swipudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swipīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swipum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swipīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swipud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swipīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swipun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swipīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swīpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swipanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swīpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>farswīpan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*swīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*swipen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zwijpen, swijpen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svípa</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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