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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swōganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swōganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_ekhe" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἠχή</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ēkhḗ</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swogana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swōganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswɔː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᛟᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7e</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to resound</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *sweh₂gʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_ekhe"><ref target="#cog_grc_ekhe">ἠχή</ref></mentioned> (ēkhḗ).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōgaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōgizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōgaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōgazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōgaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōgidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōgadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōgadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōgaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōgōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōgaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōgaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōgamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōgaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōgaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōgandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōgain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōgandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>seswōg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>seswōgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>seswōht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>seswōgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>seswōg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>seswōgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>seswōgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>seswōgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>seswōgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>seswōgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>seswōgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swōgandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swōganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swōganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>swōgan, swœ̄gan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>swoȝen, swowen, swough, swogh, *sough</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sough</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>svagla</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*swōgan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswōgjan), 𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (swōgatjan), 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufswōgjan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
