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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *swōtijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_swōtijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_swotijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swōtijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>swōtijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈswɔː.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚹᛟᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sweeten</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *swōtuz (‘sweet’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōtijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōtijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōtijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōtijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōtijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>swōtidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōtidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>swōtidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōtidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>swōtidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>swōtidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>swōtijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>swōtidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>swōtijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōtijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*suoten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>soeten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zoeten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōtijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>swētan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sweten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sweet</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōtijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*swēta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>*swētia</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>swäitje</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>swietje, swietsje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōtijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>suozen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>süezen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>siaßn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>süßen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זיסן (zisn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*swōtijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*swōtian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sȫten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>söten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*sœta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>søde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>søta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sæta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>söta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*sǿta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>søde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>søta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>sæta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>söta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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