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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sīpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sīpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_eibo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>εἴβω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>eíbō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to drip, spill</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_sebum" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>sēbum</orth>
          <def>tallow, grease</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sipana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sīpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sīpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsiː.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᛁᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to drip, to pour</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seybʰ- (‘to pour, dribble, trickle, sieve, strain, sift, run, drip’), whence also Proto-West Germanic *sibi (‘sieve’). Speculated cognates outside of Germanic include Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_eibo"><ref target="#cog_grc_eibo">εἴβω</ref></mentioned> (eíbō, ‘to drip, spill’) and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_sebum"><ref target="#cog_lat_sebum">sēbum</ref></mentioned> (‘tallow, grease’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sīpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sīpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sīpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sīpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sīp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sīpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sīpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sīpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sīpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sīpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sīpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sīpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sīpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sīpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sīpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sīpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sīpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sīpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sīpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sīpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sīpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sīpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sīpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sīpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sīpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>saip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sipį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>saift</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sipīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>saip</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sipī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sipū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sipīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sipudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sipīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sipum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sipīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sipud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sipīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sipun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sipīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sīpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>sipanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sīpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>sīpa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sipen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zijpen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*sīfan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sīfen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>siefe, siffe, seife</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>säifeg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*sīpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sīpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>siepen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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