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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sūganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sūganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_sugana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sūganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsuː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚢᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to suck</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to suckle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A back-formation from the iterative *sukkōną (‘to suck’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sūgō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sūgaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sūgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sūgizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sūgaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sūg</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sūgazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sūgaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sūgidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sūgai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sūgadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sūgadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sūgaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sūgōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>sūgaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sūgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sūgaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>sūgadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sūgamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sūgaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sūgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sūgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sūgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sūgaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sūgid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sūgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sūgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sūgandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sūgain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sūgandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sūgandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sūgaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>saug</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>sugį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sauht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>sugīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>saug</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>sugī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>sugū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>sugīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>sugudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>sugīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sugum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>sugīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sugud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>sugīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sugun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>sugīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>sūgandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>suganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>sūganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>sūgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sugen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>zuge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>sūgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>sugen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zuigen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>suig</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>sug</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>soygi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sūgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sugen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*sūga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>suge</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>sûge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sūgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sūgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>suuge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>saugen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>saugen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זויגן (zoygn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūgan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sūgan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sugen, sȫgen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>sugen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>súga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>sauga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>súgva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>säuge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>súga, sjúga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>suge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>suga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>súğa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>súga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sūghæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>suge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>súga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sūgha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>suga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>sauga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>súgva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>säuge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>súga, sjúga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>suge</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>suga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>súğa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sūghæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>suge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>sjúga</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sūgha</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>suga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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