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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *sūraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_sūraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_bsl-x-proto_su_ras" xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*sū́ˀras</orth>
          <def>salty, bitter</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_suhros" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*súHros</orth>
          <def>sour, salty, bitter</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_suris" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>suris</orth>
          <def>soured milk cheese</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_suraz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sūraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>sūraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈsuː.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛊᚢᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>sour, acidic</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_suhros"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_suhros">*súHros</ref></mentioned> (‘sour, salty, bitter’). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="bsl-x-proto" target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_su_ras"><ref target="#cog_bsl-x-proto_su_ras">*sū́ˀras</ref></mentioned> (‘salty, bitter’), Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="prg" target="#cog_prg_suris"><ref target="#cog_prg_suris">suris</ref></mentioned> (‘soured milk cheese’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūrôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūranǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūrōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>sūraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>sūraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>sūraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūraniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūranų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūranunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>sūrammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>sūrōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>sūrammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>sur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>suur</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>zoer</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>suur</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>zuur</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>suur</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>sur, sour</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>sour</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>sour, soor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>suur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>soer</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>sūr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>suur, souer</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>sauer</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>sauer</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>żur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>zaojwer</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>זויער (zoyer)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*sūr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>sūr</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>suur</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>sua</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>súrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>sur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>súrur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>súr</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>sur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>sur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>súrr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>sūr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>sur</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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