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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *taiknijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_taiknijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_taiknijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taiknijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>taiknijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑi̯k.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᛁᚲᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to show, point</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *taikną (‘sign, token, symbol’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>taiknijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>taiknijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taiknijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taiknijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taiknijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taiknidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>taiknidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>taiknidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>taiknidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>taiknidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taiknidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>taiknijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>taiknidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>taiknijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taiknijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tǣcnan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taiknijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tēknen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>têkenen, teikenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>teikene</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taiknijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tēknen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>têkenen, teikenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tekenen, teekenen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teken</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Caribbean Javanese</lang>
                          <orth>tèken</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taiknijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zeihhanen, zeichanen, zeihnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zeichenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zeichnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taiknijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tēknian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēkenen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tekna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>teikna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>teikna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tegnæ, tekna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tegne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tegne</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tekna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>teckna</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taiknjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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