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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *taikną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_taikną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_taikna" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taikną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>taikną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑi̯k.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᛁᚲᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>indicator, indication (e.g. mark, sign, token, symbol, etc.)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">(SS: from chat) A late *-na- derivative of the verbal stem *taikijaną “to show, teach,” ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- “to show, point out.”</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>taikną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>taiknō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>taikną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>taiknō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>taiknas, taiknis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>taiknǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>taiknai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>taiknamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>taiknō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>taiknamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>taikną</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>taiknō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Friulian</lang>
                    <orth>tacolâ, tacon, taconâ</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tēkan, teikan, teikin, teican</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>têken, teiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>teike</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tēkan, teikan, teikin, teican</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>têken, teiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>teken, teiken, teeken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teken, teiken</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>tegn</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>teken</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>teken</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tācn, tācen, tācon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>token, tokene, tokin, tokine, tokon, tokne, tocne, toquen, taken, takein, takin, takine, tacn, tacne, tacnæ, tockne</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>token</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>taiken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tācn, tācen, tācon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                      <orth>tákn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                        <orth>tákn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tēken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Teeken</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zeihhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zeichen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Zäiche, Zäie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Zeichen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Zeechen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>צייכן (tseykhn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tēkan, teikan, tēken, teiken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>têken, teiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Tieekjen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tēkan, teikan, tēken, teiken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>têken, teiken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Teiken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Teken</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>tekken</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tekn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>tekken</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>teikn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>teikn, tekn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>teğn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tēkn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tegn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tegn</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teikn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tēkn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tecken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃 (taikns)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*taikniz</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*taika</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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