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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *talaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_talaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_del" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*del-</orth>
          <def>to count, reckon</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_talaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/talaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>talaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑ.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>pliable, bendsome</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>submissive, hearsome, quick to obey</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_del"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_del">*del-</ref></mentioned> (‘to count, reckon’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>talaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>talō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>talą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>talai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>talôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>talō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>talanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>talǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>talą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>talanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>talōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>talō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>talas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>talas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>talaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>talaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>talammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>talammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>talaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>talaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>talanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>talanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>talaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>talaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>talaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>talô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>talǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>talô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>talaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>talōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>talanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>talô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>talanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>talōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>taliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>taliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>talanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>talanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>talini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>talini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>talammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>talammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>talinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>talinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>talammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>talōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>talammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*tæl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>tal, talle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>tal, tale, tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Welsh</lang>
                      <orth>tal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>ġetal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>tal, talle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>tal, tale, tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Welsh</lang>
                      <orth>tal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>ġetæl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>tal, talle</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>tal, tale, tall</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Welsh</lang>
                      <orth>tal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>tel</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*tal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>getāl, lêfgetāl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>gital</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>getāl, lêfgetāl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*zal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>gezal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>gezahl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>gizal</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>gezal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>gezahl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍄𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*tals)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌻𐍃 (untals)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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