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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tangō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tangō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tango" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tangō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tangō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑŋ.ɡɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᚾᚷᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>tongs</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>pliers</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A nominal formation from *tinganą (‘to press upon’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>tangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>tangôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>tangǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>tangōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>tangōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>tangǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>tangōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>tangōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>tangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>tangōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>tangō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>tangôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tange, tanghe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>tang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tange, tanghe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tang</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>tang</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tang, tange</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>tonge, tang, tange, tongge, toonge, tounge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tong, tongs, tang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tang, taing</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tange, tonge</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Tonge</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tange</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Zanga</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Zang, Zaang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Zaang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Zang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>cang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Zange</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>cęgi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>hebzange</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                          <orth>hebcągi</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Polish</lang>
                            <orth>obcęgi</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tangu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tanga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tange</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Tang</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Tang</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tǫng</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>taungg</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tong</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>tangg</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>töng</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tong, tøng</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tǫng</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tang</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tang</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tǫng</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tång</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>tongit</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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