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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *targijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_targijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_dirginti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>di̇̀rginti</orth>
          <def>to irritate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_d_rgati" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*dьrgati</orth>
          <def>to pull, jerk, comb</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_targijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/targijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>targijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑr.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to pull; yank; tug; tease</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to irritate</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *dorgʰ-éye-ti, probably from *derHgʰ- (‘to pull, tug, irritate’), and cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_dirginti"><ref target="#cog_lit_dirginti">di̇̀rginti</ref></mentioned> (‘to irritate’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_d_rgati"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_d_rgati">*dьrgati</ref></mentioned> (‘to pull, jerk, comb’), though Kroonen rejects connections to the Balto-Slavic and leaves the origin open.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>targijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>targijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>targijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>targijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>targijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>targijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>targijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>targijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>targidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>targidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>targidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>targidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>targidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>targidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>targidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>targidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>targidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>targijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>targidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>targijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Lombardic</lang>
                    <orth>*zergen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                      <orth>*zergō</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Italian</lang>
                        <orth>zerigare</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Venetan</lang>
                        <orth>inzeregà</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Lombardic</lang>
                    <orth>*zergen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                      <orth>*zergō</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Italian</lang>
                        <orth>zerga</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Italian</lang>
                          <orth>inzergassi</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tergen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tergen, terghen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tergen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>terġan, tierġan, tyrġan, tirġan, tirian, tierwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>terien, tarien, taryen, terȝen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tarry</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tarrow</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*tergia, *targia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>taagje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tergje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zergen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*zergen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zergen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*targian, *tergian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tergen, targen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>tærge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>targen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>terge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>targa</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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