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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *targǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_targǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_podragu" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>подрагъ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>podragŭ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>hem, edge, rim</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dergh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*derǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>fenced lot</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dergh_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dergʰ-</orth>
          <def>to catch, grasp</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_darzas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>daržas</orth>
          <def>border, halo, enclosure, garden</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_targo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/targǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>targǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑr.ɣɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᚱᚷᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>edge, rim, border</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dergh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dergh">*derǵʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘fenced lot’), or from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dergh_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dergh_x2">*dergʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to catch, grasp’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_darzas"><ref target="#cog_lit_darzas">daržas</ref></mentioned> (‘border, halo, enclosure, garden’), Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_podragu"><ref target="#cog_chu_podragu">подрагъ</ref></mentioned> (podragŭ, ‘hem, edge, rim’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>targǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>targōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>targōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>targōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>targōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>targōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>targōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>targōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>targōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>targōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>targǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>targōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*targa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>targe, taerge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>targe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>targe, targa, *targô</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>targe, terge, targette, target</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>targe, target</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>targ, targe, tairge, target</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>targue, tarque, targe, *targuette</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                      <orth>targa, tarcheta</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Galician</lang>
                        <orth>targa</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Italian</lang>
                        <orth>targa, targhetta</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                        <orth>tarja</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Spanish</lang>
                        <orth>tarja, tarjeta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>targue, tarque, targe, *targuette</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>targe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>targe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>targue, tarque, targe, *targuette</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>tartsche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Polish</lang>
                        <orth>tarcza</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>tarcza</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zarga</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zarge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Zarge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*targā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*targa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>targe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>targa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>targa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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