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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tarjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tarjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tarjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tarjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tarjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᚱᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to destroy</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to consume, to use up</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *teraną + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tarjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tarjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tarjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tarisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tarjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tari</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tarjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tarjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tariþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tarjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tarjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tarjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tarjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tarjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tarjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tarjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tarjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tarjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tarjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tarjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tarjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tarjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tariþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tarjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tariþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tarjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tarjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tarjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tarjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tarjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tarjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tarjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taridǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taridēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taridēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taridēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taridē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taridēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>taridēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>taridēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>taridēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>taridēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taridēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>tarjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>taridaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>tarjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*teren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tēren, terren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>taere</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*teren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tēren, terren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>teren</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teer</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tarre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zeren, zerren, zerien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zeren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zehren, zerren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>terian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>tehren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>terian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>tæra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>tæra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>tæra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>tära</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>terian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>tæra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>tære</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                            <orth>tære</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*tarit'ak</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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