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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *taumijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_taumijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_taumijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/taumijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>taumijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtɑu̯.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚨᚢᛗᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bridle</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to lead by the reins</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *taumaz (‘tie, leash, bridle’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taumijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taumijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taumijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>taumijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>taumijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taumijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taumijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>taumijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taumidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taumidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taumidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taumidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>taumidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>taumidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>taumidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>taumidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>taumidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>taumijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>taumidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>taumijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tōmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tômen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tomen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tēman, tȳman, tīeman</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>temen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>teem</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*tēma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teamme, teamje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*zoumen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zöumen, zoumen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zäumen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*taumijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*tōmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tomen, tö̂men</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>tomen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>teyma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>teyma</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tøyme</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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