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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *teraną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_teraną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_der" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*der-</orth>
          <def>to flay, split, cleave, crack</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_terana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/teraną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>teraną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈte.rɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᛖᚱᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to tear; snatch or pull off (from); tug</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_der"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_der">*der-</ref></mentioned> (‘to flay, split, cleave, crack’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>terō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>teraų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>terai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tirizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>teraiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ter</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>terazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>teraizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tiridi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>terai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>teradau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>teradai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>teraidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>terōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>teraiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>teradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>teraidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>teradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>teramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>teraim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>terandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>teraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>teraid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>terandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>teraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>terandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>terain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>terandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>terandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>teraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tērį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tart</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tērīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tērī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>tērū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>tērīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>tērudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>tērīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tērum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tērīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tērud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tērīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tērun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tērīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>terandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>turanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>teraną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*teran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>teran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>teren, teer, teere, tere, tern, teryn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tear</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tere, teir, tair</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*teran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tera</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>teere</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tarre</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*teran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zeran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zern, zeren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zehren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>zieren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*teran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>teran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>teren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>tehren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*teran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>teran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>teren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>tæra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>tære</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>tæra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>tære</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>tæra, tære</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>tära</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*tairan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (distairan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gatairan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                  <orth>*tīrāre</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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