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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tigulǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tigulǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_tegula" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>tēgula</orth>
          <def>tile</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tigulo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tigulǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tigulǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈti.ɣu.lɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᛁᚷᚢᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>tile</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>brick</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Borrowed from Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_tegula"><ref target="#cog_lat_tegula">tēgula</ref></mentioned> (‘tile’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>tigulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>tigulōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>tigulōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>tigulōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>tigulōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>tigulōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>tigulōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>tigulōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>tigulōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>tigulōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>tigulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>tigulōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tegela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tigele, tegel, tichel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tegel, tichel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teël</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tigele, tigule, tigle, tiegle, tighele, tygele</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tile</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tyl, tild</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*tigel, *tichel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Tichel</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tichel, tegel, teil</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Czech</lang>
                        <orth>cihla</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Zieghel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Zill</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ziegel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                          <orth>cígla</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>cegła, czegła</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                          <orth>цэ́гла (céhla)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                          <orth>cegła</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Slovincian</lang>
                          <orth>cêgla</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                          <orth>це́гла (céhla)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tigulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tiegla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēgel, tichel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Tichel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Tieejel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>tegela</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tigele, tegel, tichel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tegel, tichel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teël</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tigele, tigule, tigle, tiegle, tighele, tygele</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tile</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tyl, tild</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*tigel, *tichel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Tichel</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tichel, tegel, teil</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Czech</lang>
                        <orth>cihla</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Zieghel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Zill</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Ziegel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                          <orth>cígla</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ziagala, ziagal</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ziegel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>cegła, czegła</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                          <orth>цэ́гла (céhla)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                          <orth>cegła</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Slovincian</lang>
                          <orth>cêgla</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                          <orth>це́гла (céhla)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tēgulā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>tiegla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>tēgel, tichel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Tichel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Tieejel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tigl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tigul</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>tigel, tigul</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>tigl</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tigl, tegl, tægl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tigl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>tegl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tegl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tigl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tighl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>tiili</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tegel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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