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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *trappōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_trappōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dreb_h" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dreb⁽ʰ⁾-</orth>
          <def>to tread, to step</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_drebeti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>drebė́ti</orth>
          <def>to tremble</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_trappona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trappōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>trappōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtrɑp.pɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚱᚨᛈᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to trample</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dreb_h"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dreb_h">*dreb⁽ʰ⁾-</ref></mentioned> (‘to tread, to step’). Compare Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_drebeti"><ref target="#cog_lit_drebeti">drebė́ti</ref></mentioned> (‘to tremble’) and Polish drabina (‘ladder’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>trappō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>trappǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>trappōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>trappōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>trappōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>trappōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>trappōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>trappōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>trappōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>trappōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>trappōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>trappōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>trappōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>trappōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>trappōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>trappōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>trappōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*trappōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*trappon, *trapon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>trappen, *trapen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>trappen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*trappōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*trappon, *trapon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>trappen, *trapen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>betrapen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>betrapen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*trappōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*trappōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>trappen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>trappa, trappe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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