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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *traustijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_traustijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_traustijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/traustijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>traustijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtrɑu̯s.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚱᚨᚢᛊᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make strong, make reliable</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to comfort, console</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *traustaz (‘firm, reliable’) + *-janą or *traustą (‘aid, shelter’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>traustijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>traustijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>traustijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>traustijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>traustijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>traustijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>traustijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>traustijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>traustidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>traustidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>traustidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>traustidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>traustidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>traustidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>traustidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>traustidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>traustidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>traustijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>traustidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>traustijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*traustijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>trōsten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>trôosten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>troosten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>troos</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*traustijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>trāsta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>traaste</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>treaste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*traustijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>trōsten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>trœsten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>trösten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*traustijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>trōstian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>trôsten, trö̂sten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>tröösten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>treysta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>troysta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>treysta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>trösta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>treysta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>triste, tristre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norman</lang>
                      <orth>triste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>treysta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>triste, tristre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>trist, tryst</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>tryst</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>tryst</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>treysta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>triste, tristre</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>triste</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>triste</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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