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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tugiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tugiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tugiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tugiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tugiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtu.ɣiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚢᚷᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a drawing, tug, pull</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An action noun derived from *teuhaną (‘to pull, tug’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>tugiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>tugīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>tugį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>tuginz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>tugīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>tugjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>tugī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>tugimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>tugī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>tugimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>tugi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>tugīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tugi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tuege</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>teug</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>teug</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tyġe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>tige</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>ty</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zug, zuc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zuc, zug</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>cug</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>צוג (tsug)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zug, zuc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zuc, zug</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Zoch</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Zoch</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Zugh</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Zoch</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zug, zuc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zuc, zug</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Zug</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Zuch</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Polish</lang>
                          <orth>cug</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Silesian</lang>
                          <orth>cug</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tugi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*tugi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>toge, toch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>tog</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>tok</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Tog</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tog</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>tåg</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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