<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tumftō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tumftō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_dapedon" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>δάπεδον</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>dápedon</orth>
          </form>
          <def>floor</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dm" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dm̥-</orth>
          <def>to build</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tumfto" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tumftō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tumftō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtumɸ.tɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚢᛗᚠᛏᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ground around a building</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From a compound of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dm"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dm">*dm̥-</ref></mentioned> (‘to build’) and *ped- (‘to walk, to step’), assuming a relationship with at least Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_dapedon"><ref target="#cog_grc_dapedon">δάπεδον</ref></mentioned> (dápedon, ‘floor’). However, this word may simply be equivalent to *tumþiz ~ *tumþō; see there.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>tumftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>tumftôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>tumftǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>tumftōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>tumftōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>tumftǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>tumftōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>tumftōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>tumftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>tumftōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>tumftō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>tumftôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*tóft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>topt, tuft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>tøvt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*tóft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>toft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*tóft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tuft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*tóft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tomt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*tóft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>topt, toft, tompt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tomt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>topt, tuft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>tøvt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tomt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>toft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tomt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tuft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tomt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tomt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tomt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>topt, toft, tompt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>topt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>topt, tuft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>tøvt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>topt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>toft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>topt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tuft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>topt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tomt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>topt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>topt, toft, tompt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tupt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>topt, tuft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>tøvt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tupt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>toft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tupt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tuft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tupt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tomt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tupt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>topt, toft, tompt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>topt, tuft</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>tøvt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>toft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>tuft</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tuft, tomt, toft</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>tomt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tuft</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>topt, toft, tompt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>tomt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
