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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tuz-</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tuz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_dus" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>δυσ-</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>dus-</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dus" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*dus-</orth>
          <def>bad, evil</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tuz" type="prefix" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tuz-">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tuz-</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚢᛉ-</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>prefix</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1" type="function">
            <def>bad</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dus"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dus">*dus-</ref></mentioned> (‘bad’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_dus"><ref target="#cog_grc_dus">δυσ-</ref></mentioned> (dus-).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tuʀ-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zur-</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*toʀ-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zur-</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tor-</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tor-</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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