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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *twinganą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_twinganą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_twingana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twinganą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>twinganą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtwiŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᚹᛁᚾᚷᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to press</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to squeeze</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unclear, seems to be closely related *þwinhaną.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>twingō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>twingaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>twingai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twingizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twingaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twing</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twingazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twingaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twingidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twingai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twingadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twingadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twingaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>twingōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>twingaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>twingadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>twingaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>twingadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twingamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twingaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twingandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twingaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twingid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twingaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twingid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twingandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twingaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twingandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twingain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twingandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twingandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twingaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>twang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>twungį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>twungīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twang</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>twungī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>twungū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>twungīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>twungudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>twungīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twungum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>twungīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twungud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>twungīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twungun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>twungīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>twingandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>twunganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>twinganą</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*twingan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*twingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>twingen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*twingan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>twingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>twingen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*twingan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*zwingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zwingen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zwingen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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