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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *tīhaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_tīhaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_deiknumi" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>δείκνυμι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>deíknumi</orth>
          </form>
          <def>show, point out, explain, teach</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_dico" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>dīcō</orth>
          <def>say, indicate, point out</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_tihana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīhaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>tīhaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈtiː.xɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛏᛁᚺᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to show, point out</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to blame, accuse</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti, from *deyḱ- (‘to show’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_dico"><ref target="#cog_lat_dico">dīcō</ref></mentioned> (‘speak, say, tell’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_deiknumi"><ref target="#cog_grc_deiknumi">δείκνυμι</ref></mentioned> (deíknumi, ‘show, point out, explain, teach’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tīhō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tīhaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tīhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tīhizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tīhaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tīh</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tīhazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tīhaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tīhidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tīhai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tīhadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tīhadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tīhaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tīhōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>tīhaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tīhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tīhaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>tīhadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tīhamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tīhaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tīhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tīhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tīhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tīhaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tīhid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tīhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tīhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tīhandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tīhain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tīhandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tīhandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tīhaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>taih</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>tigį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>taiht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>tigīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>taih</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>tigī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>tigū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>tigīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>tigudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>tigīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tigum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>tigīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tigud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>tigīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tigun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>tigīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>tīhandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>tiganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>tīhaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tīhan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>aftīhan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tīhan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*tīan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>tiën</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>tijgen, aantijgen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>aantyg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tīhan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>tēon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>tēn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*tīhan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>zīhan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>zīhen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>zeihen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tjá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>tíggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>tjá</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>te</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tjá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>te</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>te</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>tjá</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>tēa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>te</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*teihan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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